eSIM Switzerland
Best eSIM for Switzerland | Top eSIM Providers Ranked
Dec
Written by Peter Moore, eSIM Content Writer
Verdict: eSIM4.com
After extensive testing across Switzerland, the eSIM4 Switzerland plan is our top recommendation. It offers unbeatable value and the most reliable coverage by connecting you to the top-tier Swiss networks, Swisscom and Sunrise.
With an instant QR code setup and the unique Yabb app for calls and texts, it’s the most complete and worry-free connectivity solution for your trip.
Why We Chose eSIM4
- Best Network: Swisscom and Sunrise access, the two fastest carriers in Switzerland with strong 5G in cities and solid 4G+ across the Alps.
- Real Phone Number: Optional Yabb app adds calls and SMS on a routable number.
- Widest Plan Range: 1 GB to unlimited 30-day, starting from $2.98.
- Instant Setup: Install before you fly, auto-connect on landing.
- 24/7 Support: Email, chat, and WhatsApp support around the clock.
Finding the Perfect eSIM for Your Switzerland Trip
Traveling to Switzerland requires a smart data plan strategy. As a travel blogger committed to helping you navigate Europe, I know that staying in touch with family and sharing updates is vital.
Best time to visit Zurich, Bern, or the Alps offers an incredible mix of experiences. However, navigating these locations requires a reliable internet connection.
Avoiding exorbitant roaming plans allows you to save money for experiences like the Glacier Express.
To explore Switzerland without connectivity issues, you need a solid plan. Activate a mobile data plan digitally to instantly connect to a local mobile data network. An eSIM also allows you to keep your primary number active while using a local esim data plan.
In this guide to the best eSIM providers for Switzerland, we look at plans from top names. Whether you are looking for an esim with unlimited data or specific plans, we cover eSIM4, Saily, Airalo, Jetpac, and aloSIM to find the right eSIM that fits your trip.
Quick Comparison: Top eSIM Providers for Switzerland
Snapshot of the leading eSIM options for Switzerland in 2025. Use this table to shortlist your reliable esim with great coverage, then review the detailed breakdowns below.
| Rank | Provider | Rating | Network Partner |
Plans Available |
Starting Price |
Best For |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ⭐ eSIM4 | 4.9/5 | Salt Mobile | 12 options | $2.98 | Best Overall & Coverage |
| 2 | Saily | 4.7/5 | Multi- Network | 6 options | $3.99 | Value & Security |
| 3 | Airalo | 4.7/5 | Pilatus | 6 options | $4.00 | Ease of Use |
| 4 | Nomad | 4.6/5 | Multiple | 6 options | $4.50 | Flexible Bundles |
| 5 | Jetpac | 4.5/5 | Local Partners | 10 options | $7.00 | Budget Short Trips |
| 6 | aloSIM | 4.4/5 | Multiple | 6 options | $4.50 | Calls via App |
| 7 | Roamless | 4.2/5 | Multi-carrier | – | $3.84 | Alternative Pick |
| 8 | Gigsky | 4.2/5 | Multi-carrier | – | $2.99 | Alternative Pick |
Things to Consider Before Choosing the Best eSIM for Switzerland
The “best” eSIM depends on your itinerary and data habits. Finding the best option is everything you need to know before you fly. Use these factors as a checklist before you buy.
Key Decision Factors
| Factor | What to Consider | Why This Matters |
|---|---|---|
| Coverage & Speed | Salt/Swisscom vs. Others. | Switzerland’s mobile data network is powered by Swisscom, Sunrise, and Salt. Look for esim products that use these networks if you plan to explore the Swiss Alps or rural cantons. |
| Data Allowance | Fixed vs. Unlimited. | Consider your data usage. If you stream video of the mountains or use maps heavily, look for unlimited data plans so you never run out. A 20GB cap might be enough for most, but unlimited offers peace of mind. |
| Activation | Install before you fly. | Get an eSIM for Switzerland and install the eSIM before departure. Check your phone settings to ensure your device is eSIM compatible, then activate the data when you arrive in Zurich or Geneva. |
| Extra Features | Calls, SMS, VPN. | Most travel eSIMs are data-only. If you need to make calls or receive 2FA SMS, look for providers like eSIM4 (app-based calls) or Saily (security features). |
Top eSIM Providers
Detailed reviews with verified pricing and carrier-specific notes.
eSIM4
eSIM4 is our top pick for Switzerland because it bundles a Swisscom-grade local network with the widest plan range on this list, plus an optional Yabb add-on that gives you a real phone number for calls and SMS. Plans run from a 1 GB snacker at $2.98 up to unlimited 30-day packs, so it covers both a weekend in Zurich and a month of van-life between Interlaken and Zermatt.
Coverage
eSIM4 rides on Swisscom and Sunrise, the two fastest mobile networks in Switzerland. Expect 5G speeds in the 200-400 Mbps range in Zurich, Geneva, Bern, and Basel, and solid 4G+ coverage along the Glacier Express route, up the Jungfrau, and around Lake Lucerne. Signal drops briefly inside long Alpine tunnels but recovers within seconds of popping out.
Activation Process
Buy the plan on eSIM4.com, then scan the QR code on your home Wi-Fi before you fly. On iPhone: Settings > Cellular > Add eSIM > Use QR. On Android: Settings > Network > SIM Manager > Add eSIM. The profile stays dormant until first data use in Switzerland, so you won’t burn a 3-day unlimited plan sitting at home. Auto-connects at Zurich or Geneva airport the moment you switch off airplane mode.
Price
Entry pricing starts at $2.98 for 1 GB/7 days, with the sweet spot being 5 GB/30 days at $12.98 for a 10-day ski trip or the 3-day unlimited at $9.98 for a long weekend. For deep-Alps hikers who tether laptops, the 10-day unlimited at $32.98 undercuts every kiosk SIM at Zurich airport (which typically run 35-50 CHF for similar data).
Data Plans
| Data | Duration | Price | Savings |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1GB | 7 Days | $7.20 $2.98 | Save $4.22 |
| 2GB | 15 Days | $12.60 $5.98 | Save $6.62 |
| 3GB | 30 Days | $16.20 $7.98 | Save $8.22 |
| 5GB | 30 Days | $25.20 $12.98 | Save $12.22 |
| 10GB | 30 Days | $41.40 $21.98 | Save $19.42 |
| 20GB | 30 Days | $64.80 $34.98 | Save $29.82 |
| Unlimited | 3 Days | $20.70 $9.98 | Save $10.72 |
| Unlimited | 5 Days | $32.40 $16.98 | Save $15.42 |
| Unlimited | 7 Days | $45.00 $23.98 | Save $21.02 |
| Unlimited | 10 Days | $61.20 $32.98 | Save $28.22 |
| Unlimited | 15 Days | $82.80 $44.98 | Save $37.82 |
| Unlimited | 30 Days | $122.40 $66.98 | Save $55.42 |
Pros
- Swisscom and Sunrise network access, the two strongest carriers in the Alps
- Optional Yabb add-on for a real, routable phone number (calls + SMS)
- Unlimited plans from 3 to 30 days, which most competitors don’t offer for Switzerland
- 24/7 support via email, chat, and WhatsApp (useful if a cable-car ticket kiosk won’t load)
- Plans stay dormant until first use, so you control when the clock starts
Cons
- To get calls and texts you need to install the Yabb app, which costs extra
Saily
Saily is NordVPN’s eSIM arm and pitches itself as the privacy-first option, bundling a built-in ad blocker and virtual-location routing into every plan. The Switzerland offering is limited to five capped data tiers on a 30-day shelf, with no unlimited or short-duration packs.
Coverage
Saily uses Swisscom as the primary host network in Switzerland, so coverage is strong across the major cantons and typical tourist routes (Zurich, Geneva, Lucerne, Interlaken). Speeds sit in the 150-250 Mbps range on 5G in cities, and the connection holds up on most Glacier Express and Bernina Express legs. Deep-valley villages around Saas-Fee and Zermatt sometimes fall back to 4G.
Activation Process
Install via the Saily iOS or Android app, which scans your device QR and drops the profile in. From Settings > Cellular > Saily you pick a data plan. The NordVPN ad blocker kicks in automatically, which is handy given that Swiss news sites are particularly aggressive with cookie banners. Install on home Wi-Fi and the plan starts on first data use, not at purchase.
Price
The 3 GB/30 days at $9.99 is the entry tier most tourists pick. The 10 GB/30 days at $22.99 suits a two-week family trip with casual maps and Instagram. There is no unlimited Switzerland plan, which rules Saily out for skiers who want to stream on the chairlift or van-lifers pulling Netflix in the evenings.
Data Plans
| Data | Duration | Price |
|---|---|---|
| 1GB | 7 Days | $3.99 |
| 3GB | 30 Days | $9.99 |
| 5GB | 30 Days | $13.99 |
| 10GB | 30 Days | $22.99 |
| 20GB | 30 Days | $36.99 |
Pros
- NordVPN ad blocker and threat protection bundled in
- Reliable Swisscom host coverage in cities and on major rail routes
- Clean, fast mobile app (iOS and Android)
Cons
- No unlimited plans for Switzerland (max 20 GB/30 days)
- Limited to 30-day shelf life with no short-duration options
Airalo
Airalo is the biggest eSIM marketplace in the world, so the Switzerland brand-recognition argument is real, but the actual Switzerland lineup is identical-in-pricing to aloSIM and more limited than Nomad or eSIM4. The app is polished and multilingual, which helps if you’re traveling on a non-English device.
Coverage
Airalo’s Switzerland plan (Uri Mobile) rides on Swisscom and Salt as fallback. 5G lights up in Zurich, Geneva, Basel, Bern, Lucerne, Lausanne. 4G/4G+ holds across the Jungfrau region, Zermatt, St. Moritz, and the Lugano area. Speeds generally in the 100-250 Mbps 5G range.
Activation Process
Install via the Airalo app (iOS 17+ direct install, older iPhones and Android need the QR code method through Settings > Cellular/Network). The airalo.com web checkout also emails a QR code. The plan activates on first data use, so install from home.
Price
The 3 GB/30 days at $8.50 is the entry tier most tourists pick. The 10 GB/30 days at $23 is the step up for a 2-week trip. Airalo doesn’t offer unlimited for Switzerland, which rules them out for streamers, and their prices match aloSIM almost exactly, so the decision comes down to which app you prefer.
Data Plans
| Data | Duration | Price |
|---|---|---|
| 1GB | 3 Days | $4.00 |
| 3GB | 3 Days | $8.50 |
| 3GB | 7 Days | $9.00 |
| 5GB | 7 Days | $13.00 |
| 5GB | 15 Days | $13.50 |
| 5GB | 30 Days | $14.00 |
| 10GB | 7 Days | $21.50 |
| 10GB | 15 Days | $22.00 |
| 10GB | 30 Days | $23.00 |
| 20GB | 15 Days | $34.50 |
| 20GB | 30 Days | $36.00 |
| 50GB | 30 Days | $45.00 |
Pros
- Massive global brand presence, 16+ million users worldwide
- Multilingual app (useful for international groups)
- Decent Swiss coverage via Swisscom
Cons
- No unlimited plans for Switzerland
- Identical pricing to aloSIM but slower checkout
Nomad
Nomad offers some of the best data-per-dollar rates on this list. Their Switzerland plans have some of the most generous GB caps at price points where most competitors quietly tap out, and they ship genuine unlimited packs in 3 to 10 day durations for short trips.
Coverage
Nomad routes through Swisscom and Salt, which means 5G in every major Swiss city and along every main rail corridor, including the high-altitude legs of the Bernina Express. Hotspotting is allowed on all Switzerland plans, which matters if you’re working from a chalet and need to tether a laptop. Speeds typically sit in the 100-300 Mbps 5G range, 40-120 Mbps on 4G.
Activation Process
Buy on the Nomad app or web, install the eSIM via QR or the one-tap app install on iOS 17.4+. Settings > Cellular > Add eSIM for the manual route. The eSIM goes live on first data use, not at purchase, so install from home. Nomad’s app also lets you top up mid-trip without reinstalling the profile.
Price
The 20 GB/30 days at $25 is genuinely one of the best rates you’ll find for Switzerland, about 30% below most competitors. The 3-day unlimited at $11 is perfect for a weekend in Zurich or a quick Davos ski trip. The 7-day unlimited at $25 suits anyone heavy on streaming or video calls.
Data Plans
| Data | Duration | Price |
|---|---|---|
| 1GB | 7 Days | $4.50 |
| 3GB | 30 Days | $9.00 |
| 5GB | 30 Days | $12.50 |
| 10GB | 30 Days | $20.50 |
| 20GB | 30 Days | $25.00 |
| 50GB | 30 Days | $43.00 |
| Unlimited | 3 Days | $11.00 |
| Unlimited | 5 Days | $18.00 |
| Unlimited | 7 Days | $25.00 |
| Unlimited | 10 Days | $33.00 |
Pros
- 20 GB/30 days at $25 is the cheapest 30-day 20 GB plan here
- Genuine unlimited 3/5/7/10 day plans (rare for this market)
- Tethering/hotspot allowed on every plan
Cons
- No phone number or SMS add-on, data only
- Throttle applies after 50 GB on the monthly data plan
Jetpac
Jetpac stands out on Switzerland because its plans include a free Boingo Wi-Fi pass worth $10, unlocking around 1 million hotspots globally, useful at Zurich airport, Swiss rail stations, and big-city Starbucks. They also sell an unlimited 10-day plan for $55.00.
Coverage
Jetpac uses Sunrise and Swisscom as host networks, so you get the same 5G grid that locals do. Zurich, Geneva, Basel, Bern, and Lucerne all run 200-400 Mbps on 5G. The key gotcha: deep-cantonal coverage in rural Grisons and Valais sometimes falls back to 4G, though the signal stays usable.
Activation Process
Install the Jetpac iOS or Android app, buy the Switzerland plan, and tap Install eSIM. The app does the QR scan internally.
A separate Boingo code lands in your email inbox, which you register on the Boingo app to activate the free Wi-Fi pass. Do both steps on home Wi-Fi before you fly, not at the airport.
Price
The 1 GB/4 days at $7.00 suits a short Swiss stopover. The 30 GB/30 days at $65.00 is the step up if you’re hotspotting a laptop. The genuine 10-day unlimited costs $55.00.
Data Plans
| Data | Duration | Price |
|---|---|---|
| 1GB | 4 Days | $7.00 |
| 20GB | 30 Days | $40.00 |
| 30GB | 30 Days | $65.00 |
| 40GB | 30 Days | $70.00 |
| Unlimited | 10 Days | $55.00 |
Pros
- Free Boingo Wi-Fi pass (around 1 million hotspots, worth $10)
- Genuine 10-day unlimited plan at $55.00
- Clean iOS and Android app with direct-install flow
Cons
- Swiss rural areas sometimes fall back to 4G
- No calls or SMS add-on
aloSIM
aloSIM is the no-frills, tap-to-buy option. The Switzerland lineup is capped data only (1 GB through 20 GB), priced almost identically to Airalo, but the app experience is cleaner and the checkout is one tap. They don’t do unlimited for Switzerland, which keeps them in the mid-tier.
Coverage
aloSIM uses Swisscom as the primary host, so 5G coverage in the Swiss core cities (Zurich, Geneva, Bern, Basel, Lausanne) is strong. Speeds typically sit in the 150-280 Mbps 5G range. On the rural lines, it holds 4G comfortably along the Glacier Express, Bernina Express, and around Lake Geneva.
Activation Process
Buy on the aloSIM app, tap Install (iOS 17+ gets one-tap, older devices scan QR). The plan sits dormant until first Swiss data use. No account signup is required if you pay with Apple Pay or Google Pay, which is one of the fastest checkouts in the eSIM market.
Price
The 3 GB/30 days at $9.50 is the most-picked tier. The 10 GB/30 days at $23 matches Airalo exactly on price.
The 1 GB/7 days at $4.50 is fine for a weekend if you mostly stick to hotel Wi-Fi. No unlimited option is the reason this lands mid-pack rather than top-tier.
Data Plans
| Data | Duration | Price |
|---|---|---|
| 1GB | 7 Days | $4.50 |
| 2GB | 15 Days | $7.50 |
| 3GB | 30 Days | $9.50 |
| 5GB | 30 Days | $14.00 |
| 10GB | 30 Days | $23.00 |
| 20GB | 30 Days | $36.00 |
Pros
- Fastest checkout on the list (Apple Pay/Google Pay, no signup)
- Swisscom host network with strong 5G in Swiss cities
- Identical price to Airalo but cleaner app
Cons
- No unlimited plans for Switzerland
- Max 20 GB/30 days caps heavy users out
Roamless
Roamless runs a pay-as-you-go model on top of a single lifetime eSIM profile, so you install it once and top up from the app whenever you travel. For Switzerland that means no expiry pressure.
Coverage
Roamless uses Swisscom and Salt in Switzerland, with 5G in all major cities. The pay-as-you-go model means data plans don’t expire the way time-boxed ones do, which is useful if your trip stretches or shortens. Speeds land in the 100-250 Mbps range on 5G, lower on 4G in rural cantons.
Activation Process
Install the Roamless app (iOS or Android), add the lifetime eSIM profile via QR or one-tap install on iOS 17+, then buy Switzerland data from the in-app store. The plan activates on first data use. Because the profile is lifetime, you don’t reinstall for future trips, you just top up.
Price
1 GB/30 days at $3.95 is one of the cheapest tiers for Switzerland. 5 GB/30 days costs $13.95 and 20 GB/30 days $35.95. The 500 MB free tier every 30 days is a genuine perk for backup.
Data Plans
| Data | Duration | Price |
|---|---|---|
| 1GB | 30 Days | $3.95 |
| 3GB | 30 Days | $8.95 |
| 5GB | 30 Days | $13.95 |
| 10GB | 30 Days | $22.95 |
| 20GB | 30 Days | $35.95 |
Pros
- Free 500 MB/30 days tier (genuine, not a trial)
- Lifetime eSIM profile, install once and top up forever
Cons
- No unlimited plans for Switzerland
- App requires an account and can feel busier than Airalo/aloSIM
Gigsky
Gigsky is the unlimited-only specialist. Every Switzerland plan is uncapped, priced by the day rather than by GB, which makes it the pick for heavy streamers or anyone tethering a laptop. It also has the cheapest 1-day pack here, useful for a day trip from Milan or Munich.
Coverage
Gigsky partners with Swisscom for Switzerland and delivers 5G speeds in the 150-300 Mbps range in city cores. Alpine coverage is surprisingly solid on the main peaks (Jungfraujoch, Matterhorn Glacier Paradise) thanks to Swisscom’s well-funded rural build-out. Expect occasional dips in tunnels and remote trail networks.
Activation Process
Buy via the Gigsky iOS or Android app. IOS 17+ gets a one-tap install, Android needs the QR scan via Settings > Network > SIM Manager. The plan clock starts on first data use. If you’re coming in by train from Italy or Germany, you can install en route and the pack only activates when you hit Swiss soil.
Price
1 day unlimited at $3.49 is the cheapest 1-day unlimited pack in this guide. 5 days at $18.49 suits a short ski week. 30 days unlimited at $65.99 is about $1 less than eSIM4’s unlimited-monthly pack.
Data Plans
| Data | Duration | Price |
|---|---|---|
| Unlimited | 1 Day | $3.49 |
| Unlimited | 3 Days | $10.49 |
| Unlimited | 5 Days | $18.49 |
| Unlimited | 7 Days | $24.49 |
| Unlimited | 15 Days | $44.99 |
| Unlimited | 20 Days | $54.49 |
| Unlimited | 30 Days | $65.99 |
Pros
- Cheapest 1-day unlimited plan ($3.49)
- All plans are unlimited (no GB anxiety)
- Strong Alpine coverage via Swisscom
Cons
- App can be clunky on older Android devices
Activating Your eSIM on Arrival
⚠ Heads up: Most eSIM plans start counting from first data use, not from purchase. Activate a 3-day unlimited plan at Zurich Airport and a third of it is already gone by the time you reach your hotel. Install the profile at home on Wi-Fi and the plan stays dormant until you switch to it in Switzerland — you control the clock.
Install Before You Fly: 3 Simple Steps
Save it to email, camera roll, and a screenshot folder while you are on home Wi-Fi.
iPhone: Settings > Cellular > Add eSIM > Use QR Code.
Android: Settings > Network & Internet > SIMs > Add eSIM. Label it “Switzerland” so it is easy to switch to later.
Keep your home SIM as primary data until you touch down. In Settings, switch cellular data to the Swiss eSIM. That is the moment the plan clock starts.
If You Haven’t Set It Up Yet: Airport Guide
Zurich Airport (ZRH)
ZRH offers 8 hours of free Wi-Fi, more than enough to activate a QR code in the jet bridge.
All three networks (Swisscom, Sunrise, Salt) have 5G lit up inside the terminal. Opensignal March 2025 ranks Swisscom #1 for coverage.
Fallback: Swisscom, Sunrise and Salt stores are past customs. Pick Swisscom for heavy Alpine use — 99.9% population coverage.
Geneva (GVA)
Free airport Wi-Fi, but no official Swisscom, Sunrise or Salt stores in the terminal. Only resellers (Yallo, Lebara, Lycamobile).
Tip: Activate your eSIM before you clear customs to skip the reseller upsell.
Basel EuroAirport (BSL)
BSL straddles Switzerland and France. Your phone may latch onto Orange F or SFR and roam on your EU allocation instead of the Swiss one.
Tip: Check the carrier name in your status bar. Manually select a CH carrier if your plan is Swiss-only.
Where You Will Actually Use Your eSIM
- ZurichHeavy maps, Uber, ZVV tram tickets, SBB platform changes at Zurich HB, plus constant FaceTime/WhatsApp home. 5G is blanket across the city on all three networks.
- GenevaTPG tram app and Léman Express tickets, cross-border signal handovers into France (watch for roaming swaps near the airport and Annemasse), Uber for late-night returns from the Old Town.
- Interlaken / JungfrauMeteoSwiss for afternoon thunderstorm windows, swisstopo for offline Grindelwald, First and Schynige Platte hiking maps, SBB Mobile for the Jungfrau Travel Pass scans. Signal holds surprisingly well on the Jungfraubahn, but Männlichen, Kleine Scheidegg has dead pockets.
- Zermatt / MatterhornGornergrat and Klein Matterhorn lift status in swisstopo, SwissPass barcode for the lift gates, live avalanche bulletins in MeteoSwiss. The Glacier Express from Zermatt needs your reservation loaded before boarding.
- LucerneSGV lake-boat timetables inside SBB Mobile, Pilatus and Rigi cable-car SwissPass scans, and the Chapel Bridge photo uploads that will eat your data allowance.
- BernFederal Palace tours booked in-app, BERNMOBIL tram tickets via SBB Mobile, and downhill e-bikes on the Gurten Hill that navigate via swisstopo rather than Google Maps.
How To Make Calls With eSIM4 In Switzerland
Most travel eSIMs provide data-only plans. However, eSIM4 offers a dedicated solution called Yabb (or similar app integrations) to bridge this gap. You should install calling apps before your trip to ensure your phone connects with locals.
Using an app over your eSIM data connection allows you to:
📞 Clear Call Quality
Use your robust Salt Mobile data connection for high-quality VoIP calls without jitter.
🌍 Call Anywhere
Call home or local Swiss numbers (hotels, restaurants) without paying expensive roaming rates.
💳 Pay As You Go
Purchase calling minutes as you need them.
Benefits of Using an eSIM In Switzerland?
- Digital Flexibility: Manage connections digitally. Ideal for switching between Swiss and EU networks if traveling to neighboring France or Italy.
- Immediate Convenience: Configure your plan before you even pack your bags.
- Significant Cost Reduction: Avoid expensive Swiss roaming fees (Switzerland is often excluded from EU roaming caps).
Frequently Asked Questions About eSIMs for Switzerland
Is eSIM available in Switzerland?
Yes, Switzerland fully supports eSIM technology. Major carriers like Swisscom, Salt, and Sunrise support it, and international providers like eSIM4 and Saily offer excellent prepaid plans.
Which is the best eSIM provider for Switzerland?
eSIM4 is the top-rated provider due to its affordable pricing ($2.98) and partnership with Salt Mobile, which offers reliable coverage.
Does Salt Mobile support eSIM in Switzerland?
Yes. Salt Mobile supports eSIM. Using a provider like eSIM4 allows you to access the Salt network without needing a contract.
How much is eSIM in Switzerland?
Prices depend on data amount. A 1GB plan for 7 days typically costs around $2.98, $4.50. Larger plans, like 10GB for 30 days, usually cost between $21, $24 depending on the provider.
Peter Moore
eSIM Content Writer, 7+ years in telecoms
Peter has spent 7+ years in telecommunications marketing across mobile apps, SMS platforms, international calling, and eSIM. He tests every plan he writes about and has covered more than 60 destinations across Europe, Asia, and the Americas.
